Application of Melastomastrum capitatum Fern. (Melastomataceae) Loaded-Exosome as Analgesic Drug Carrier in Acetic acid-Induced Swiss Albino Mice

Exosomes are nanoparticles (carriers) that play vital role in intercellular communication of cells. The present study was aimed at investigating exosomes isolated from biological fluids for their biological applications in disease treatment especially as analgesic drug carrier. Exosomes were isolated from the kidney of cattle through ultracentrifugation of blood, and characterized by inverted scanning biological microscope. Then, Melastomastrum capitatum-exosome complexes (MCEC) were formed. A total number of 25 Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups of five mice each. MCEC was administered intraperitoneally to the mice in dosages of group I (100 mg/kg M. capitatum extract), group II (200 mg/kg Ibuprofen; standard drug), group III (300 mg/kg MCEC), group IV (400 mg/kg MCEC), and group V (500 mg/kg MCEC). Results showed that MCEC decreased mean abdominal writhing in mice in a dose dependent fashion with group V having the best mean abdominal contraction value of 12.0± 02 and 67% inhibition of pains in mice. This result was significantly different from the value obtained in the control group I, where the extract was delivered ordinarily (P< 0.05) (one-way ANOVA). This study therefore showed that delivery of drugs by nanoparticles offer more therapeutic values than when drug is administered ordinarily. Nanoparticle-delivered drugs are therefore recommended for effective treatment of most resistant disease pathogens.